Besides this logo, Kosa was also famous for his matte painting of the Statue of Liberty ruin at the end of the Planet of the Apes movie, and others. Perhaps just as famous as the logo is the "20th Century Fanfare", composed by Alfred Newman, then musical director for United Artists. The Paramount "Majestic Mountain" logo was first drawn as a doodle by W. Hodkinson during a meeting with Zukor, based on the Ben Lomond Mountain from his childhood in Utah the live action logo made later is probably Peru's Artesonraju.

It is the oldest surviving Hollywood film logo. The original logo has 24 stars, which symbolized Paramount's then 24 contracted movie stars it's now 22 stars, though no one could tell me why they reduced the number of stars.

The original matte painting has also been replaced with a computer generated mountain and stars. Paramount logo history, for more details, see: CLG Wiki. Warner Bros. Actually, those aren't the names that they were born with.

In the beginning, Warner Bros. In , at the urging of Sam, Warner Bros. That got the ball rolling for the studio and made Warner Bros. The Warner Bros. Many of the studio's early productions were low-budget affairs, so it got nicknamed "Corned Beef and Cabbage. The studio's logo is Columbia, the female personification of America.

It was designed in and the identity of the "Torch Lady" model was never conclusively determined though more than a dozen women had claimed to be "it. In her autobiography, Bette Davis claimed that Claudia Dell was the model, whereas in People Magazine named model and Columbia bit-actress Amelia Batchler as the girl. In , the Chicago Sun-Times named a local woman who worked as an extra at Columbia named Jane Bartholomew as the model.

Given how the logo has changed over the years, it may just be that all three were right! The current Torch Lady logo was designed in by Michael J. Deas , who was commissioned by Sony Pictures Entertainment to return the lady to her "classic" look. Though people thought that actress Annette Bening was the model, it was actually a Louisiana homemaker and muralist named Jenny Joseph that modeled the Torch Lady for Deas.

Rather than use her face, however, Deas drew a composite face made from several computer-generated features Source: Roger Ebert , Photo: Kathy Anderson. Obviously, we're missing the stories of the logos of many other film studios.

We'd love to hear from you if you know any! Please tell us in the comment section. Customization and personalization available. Most curious, indeed…. By the s, the logo went into full color, and the mountain vista was filled out with smaller peaks and even some trees. But the semi-circle of stars mystery continues: There are 24 in this logo. Yes, this is really important information. The s were a time of iconoclastic, buck-the-system cool, so out went the realistic matte painting, and in came a graphic, blue-and-white abstract image instead.

Star count: 22, where it has remained up to the newest version announced today. In , the lot underwent one of its largest expansions with the purchase of Desilu television studios from Lucille Ball.

With the acquisition, Paramount controlled and produced some of the most unforgettable TV series ever. Despite focusing a great deal of energy on television, Paramount still continued to turn out countless, unforgettable movies.

It was during this time that some of the most groundbreaking movies were created like the influential Godfather series, which set the standard for almost all gangster movies to follow. Critical acclaim continued to pour in over the movies coming from the Paramount lot, especially for many of the movies with historical backgrounds, like Forrest Gump, Braveheart and Titanic all three of these won the Academy Award for Best Picture. As the 21st century begins to unfold, Paramount continues to remain one of the biggest and best forces in the film industry.

Successful films, both critically and popularly, constantly stream to movie lovers worldwide. Both movies were nominated for an Academy Award for Best Picture.

True Grit was nominated for ten Academy Awards. When told of all the nominations, its directors, the Coen brothers, stated, "Ten seems like an awful lot. We don't want to take anyone else's. Updates on the studio lot also continue unabated, keeping Paramount at the forefront of production technology. The most recent example is a new post production sound facility built in conjunction with Technicolor, which opened in December, As the longest operating and only remaining major studio in Hollywood, Paramount Pictures has been.

During our year history, we have served as. Today, we continue to partner with projects large and small in a ceaseless effort to create celebrated movies, television shows, and commercials.

On the way home they go to the lot near Johnny's house, and fall asleep. Ponyboy wakes up, realizing that it's past his curfew, and rushed home.

Johnny stays behind and later Ponyboy returns saying that Darry hit him. Johnny comforts his friend, when five Socs turn up, the same ones that had jumped Johnny during the summer.

They've come in revenge for the greasers picking up their girlfriends earlier after the drive-in movie.

When they try to drown Pony, Johnny kills Bob with his switchblade - Bob is the one who had beaten him and given him the scar on his face months prior. He is horrified afterwards, sitting near the bloody corpse and against the water fountain. When Pony awakens, he hears Johnny uttering "I killed him They turn to Dallas at Buck Merrill 's party to help them evade the police - murderers in Tulsa get the electric chair, and Pony would get split up from his brothers if he got caught, so staying in town wasn't exactly an option.

Dally instructs them to hop aboard a freight train heading to a small town called Windrixville, and to hide in a church on Jay Mountain. He gives Johnny a loaded revolver, 50 dollars to buy provisions, as well as giving Pony a dry set of clothes to replace his soaking-wet sleeveless sweatshirt. They hop aboard the train, and end up at the church after Pony asks a man the way to Jay Mountain.

Johnny and Pony fall asleep in the church, and Johnny wakes up before Pony does, throwing his jean jacket over the sleeping boy to keep him warm and heading into town to purchase supplies, including a copy of Gone With The Wind, hydrogen peroxide, a week's supply of baloney, a loaf of bread and a deck of cards.

Johnny can stay away from home for long periods of time and nobody seems to care or notice, in sharp contrast to Pony's situation. To make things even worse, Johnny was brutally beaten by the Socs last spring and now lives in a constant state of fear and PTSD:.

I had never been jumped, but I had seen Johnny after the four Socs got hold of him, and it wasn't pretty. Johnny was scared of his own shadow after that. He was sixteen then. On top of that, he doesn't quite get enough to eat, he often sleeps outdoors, and is even contemplating suicide. The gang makes up Johnny's entire support system, but since they're struggling kids themselves, this support is far from sufficient. Even though Johnny has had crummy role models, he's tries to stand up and be a good person.

We never see him being mean or mistreating others. He even challenges his idol, Dallas, when he sees how uncomfortable Dallas is making Cherry and Marcia at the movies.

Of course, this connection with the girls has some disastrous consequences since their boyfriends are Randy and Bob—the very Socials that beat Johnny so badly earlier in the year. And that gets us into one of the trickiest territories of the novel—Johnny's killing of Bob. Since the story is told from Pony's point of view, we never get the full details of the killing. All we know is that when Johnny stabbed Bob, David stopped trying to drown Pony in the fountain.

Johnny saved Pony's life. Ponyboy realizes this truth after Johnny's death. When he tries to make sense of Dally's reaction to Johnny's death, it dawns on him, "Johnny was the only thing that Dally loved. Previous Darry and Sodapop Curtis. Next Dallas Dally Winston. Removing book from your Reading List will also remove any bookmarked pages associated with this title. Are you sure you want to remove bookConfirmation and any corresponding bookmarks?

He is able to find the meaning of the poem ''Nothing Gold Can Stay'' and is very philosophical. He also does seem to enjoy reading as he begged for a copy of ''Gone With the Wind'' in his hospital bed, and enjoys the book when Pony reads it to him. Johnny is considered a hero, he put his life on the line to save the children in the church fire, however the injuries of the fire later made Johnny pay for his life. The Outsiders Wiki Explore. Wiki Content.

Does PS3 online still work ? Does Netflix still work on PS3 ? Is PS3 store still open ? Do PS3 games still go on sale? Will Sony shut down PS3 servers? How much is PS3 in PH? How much does a PS3 cost in ?

Can PS3 games still be downloaded? Is PS3 good for gaming? What free games are on PS3? Which is better PS2 or PS3? Does PS3 have fortnite? How much is V bucks worth? Can you play fortnite on ps6? Previous Article What is meant by old public health?

Next Article Why is authorship important? The PS3 always had a big pair of shoes to fill after the unprecedented success of the PS2. This console was so much more than a games console, however. It was a multimedia streaming device, allowing players to access the internet, play songs, stream movies, download games, and much much more. In many ways, it was an all-in-one home entertainment system.

It certainly kept me entertained for hours on end, I can tell you! But how much is a PS3 worth today? Is the original still the most expensive, and what does a refurbished PS3 Super Slim sell for? Please note: All of our market research and data is taken from eBay , as this is the most common way to sell a PS3 console.

Information is accurate as of January , and we will update this article on a monthly basis to keep you updated and to reflect on the fluctuation of prices. That being said, expect to see new PS3 units going for hundreds of dollars if not more on retail sites like Amazon and eBay. Please note: Prices and information below are accurate as of January 19, This article has been and will continue to be updated to reflect current rates, but prices can fluctuate.

Additionally, the information provided is based on the models released in the United States. Models released in other regions may differ from the prices shown below. Note: Consoles vary in hard drive storage. Generally speaking but not always , larger hard drives will command more money, and less storage will accompany lower asking prices. This however differs with the PS3 as only some models are backward compatible with the PS2 library of games, as the 20GB, 60GB, and some 80GB models are the only backward compatible units.

Not only do all of the PS3 consoles differ cosmetically, but they also have functional differences that are important to note for prospective buyers and sellers.

As you can see, not all of these differences are obvious at first glance, but certain aspects like backward compatibility are major selling points that should definitely be taken into consideration when buying or selling. That being said, the PS3 Super Slim did feature a couple of different color variants — red, white, and blue most notably color availability varies by region.

Well, the answer to that is: it depends. Is the PS3 worth owning today? Firstly, if backward compatibility with the PS2 is important to you, then the original 20GB or 60GB model is right for you.

That said, all PS3 consoles are backward compatible with most PS1 titles. Still, if you value reliability more so than playing games from older generations, either the Slim or Super Slim are generally considered to be better options. At the end of the day, the PS3 is an underrated machine with an excellent gaming library.

And with game prices being as low as they are currently, there might not be a better time to jump in.

But this was not the same time God made a declaration to Noah to build the Ark. Let's look closer at the context. Not until verses 13 and 14 does God speak to Noah about the Ark and coming Flood. Notice that Noah had sons who already had wives.

Could Noah build the Ark in 70 years? Man was still a recent creation direct from the mind of God, and his intelligence not as dimmed by thousands of years of the Curse as our minds are today and archaeology confirms that even ancient post-Flood man was capable of great feats and technological advancement. Also, people lived immense lifespans before the Flood, during which they could continually hone their talents.

How old was Noah when he built it and when the flood occurred? Why did pre-flood man live long lives? On what date was Adam created? What are the races of man? Why did the devil attack God's throne?

Bible Answers - Beginners - In-Depth. Study by Topic - Prophecy - Apostle Paul. Maps and Pictures - Amazing Facts! According to Jewish tradition, the ship had a window for natural lighting from the sun, a whole floor dedicated to composting animal waste, and wood from forests Noah planted for this purpose. Studying the design of the first Divine-commanded building could help inform our modern green building standards.

Within such an architectural and engineering system, every action has a significant impact and ramifications, and individual elements can be designed and aligned to strengthen and reinforce other elements in reducing environmental impacts. The biblical story of Noah tells us that God judged the people of the earth with a Flood, killing everyone and everything not on board the Ark.

Only eight people survived: Noah, his wife, Shem, Ham, and Japheth. According to the Bible, God gave humans years before unleashing the most serious environmental catastrophe in human history, as punishment for the misbehavior and excesses of humankind. God chose Noah as a messenger, instructing him to build the Ark as a sign to the people that the flood would come unless they changed their actions.

The judgment was sealed because of the sin of lawlessness, robbery, or wrongdoing chamas. Just as the people took one bean and then another, without looking at the consequences of their combined actions, so God punished them drop by drop.

After years, the Flood came. Is there any exegetical evidence of just how long Noah actually did take making the ark? Am I missing something?

Or is this a Jewish tradition? Or did the preacher make it up to humour the congregation? According to scripture, Genesis reveals a "countdown" toward the flood of years though there is some contention with this interpretation of the years. However, in Genesis we are told that Noah, his wife, three sons, and their wives all entered into the ark. Now, we have to recognize that Shem was not the oldest child, though he is often listed first. Instead, Japheth the firstborn is born to Noah when Noah is years of age.

This means, based upon the chronology of both Japheth and Shem, that Shem was born at the latest when Noah was years old and was at the latest only 2 years apart from Japheth, meaning Japheth would have been about years old when the flood began.

It would have to have meant that Ham was born the same distance as the other two no later than 2 years. This is where the statistic of years would probably originate.

However, that figure cannot lend toward the actual time it took to build the ark since there is absolutely no exegetical evidence to indicate the time to build the ark. However, scripture seems to imply that when the commandment came to build the ark during the countdown of years that Noah's children were old enough to have already married. I think we would struggle to fit years of building the ark into the scenario if the commandment to build came when all three children were married.

The book of Jasher chapter 5 verse 35 says, "In his five hundred and ninety fifth year Noah commenced to make the ark, and he made the ark in five years, as the Lord had commanded. He has built the ark in this mean time.

I wouldn't say he has taken exactly years, since the numbers seem rounded he certainly didn't have his three children in the same year, for instance and he didn't necessarily start building the ark in the same year his last child was born, but by the context, we can calculate he has taken about years. That this instruction from the Lord to build the ark came when he was approximately years old.

In fact, God's instructions to Noah could have come only a few years before the flood. Chapter five verse 32 only says that he was years old when he began to have children, not when he began to build the ark. Conservative estimates suggest anything from 5 to 20 years to build the ark using the Early Bronze Age technology that was available at the time and depending on how much outside help may have been enlisted.

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User Info: krisbo6. Another question how to make a vessel of your's to be the marshel of this kingdome. User Info: zerozedi. Don't think the kings have any family or I have never seen them if you ask they just say they have other plans for their children. To change the marshal of your kingdom I am guessing you are talking about.

There will be nothing left from you to resurrect. Damn you! My curse on you warrior! Ancient ones Dark ones Hear my death wish Feel my hatred I, King Harlaus, I hope no dark god heard that one. Lunar eclipse Curse of the undead king Guess I will just have to wait and see Categories Monarchs Monarchs of Warband Add category.

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Readers ask: Omaha tribe of nebraska macy ne? Readers ask: What did the cree tribe live in? Question: Badjao tribe philippines? Question: Narragansett native american tribe? Readers ask: Pomo tribe for kids?

Readers ask: Iroquois tribe hunting? Often asked: Tribe of joseph today? Question: Tribe model management? Quick Answer: What happened to the iroquois tribe? Shiloh enjoyed special importance as a central site for the tribes. There they gathered under Joshua to divide up the land by lot, and it was there that they placed the Tent of Meeting and the Ark of the Covenant.

The multiplicity of cultic places raises the question of whether all twelve tribes were centered about one amphictyonic site. Possibly, different sites served the several subgroups among the tribes. Beer-Sheba and Hebron , for example, served the southern groups of tribes; Shechem , Shiloh , and Gilgal were revered by the tribes in the center of the country; and the shrine at Dan served the northern tribes.

The likelihood of a multiplicity of shrines is strengthened by the fact that clusters of Canaanite settlements separated the southern and central tribes and divided the central tribes from those in Galilee.

It is possible that various shrines served different tribes simultaneously, while the sanctuary which held the Ark of the Lord was revered as central to all twelve.

The changes which occurred in the structure of the twelve tribes and in their relative strengths, find expression in the biblical genealogies. The tribes are descended from four matriarchs, eight of them from the wives Leah and Rachel , and four from the handmaids Bilhah and Zilpah. In the list of the twelve tribes, Reuben is prominent as the firstborn, followed by Simeon , Levi , and Judah , the sons of Leah , who occupy primary positions.

Reuben stood at the head of a tribal league and had a position of central importance among his confederates prior to the conquest of the land. Possibly, because this tribe dwelt on the fringes of the land, its links with the others were weakened and its continued existence as one of the tribes of Israel was in jeopardy. Simeon was absorbed by Judah. Levi spread throughout Israel as a result of its sacral duties. Judah was cut off from the rest of the tribes by a Canaanite land strip that separated the mountains of Judah and Ephraim.

Joshua came from the tribe of Ephraim. Shechem and Shiloh were within the borders of the house of Joseph. Samuel came from the hill country of Ephraim. Ephraim led the tribes in the war against Benjamin over the incident of the concubine in Gibeah.

At the beginning of the Monarchy, the leadership passed to Judah. The passage in I Chronicles —2 illustrates well how the dominant position among the tribes passed from Reuben to Ephraim and from Ephraim to Judah.

Each of the twelve tribes enjoyed a good deal of autonomy, ordering its own affairs after the patriarchal-tribal pattern. No doubt there were administrative institutions common to all the tribes, situated beside the central shrines, though information about them is exceedingly scanty. During the desert wanderings, leadership of the people was vested in the princes of each of the tribes and the elders who assisted Moses. They met and legislated for the entire people. There are references to meetings of tribal leaders and elders during the periods of the settlement and the Judges.

The elders of Israel, speaking for the entire nation, requested Samuel to appoint a king. The war against Nahash the Ammonite proves that the tribes were required to come to the aid of any one of the league that found itself in difficulty. The consciousness of national and religious unity had not yet led to a solid politico-military confederation. The Song of Deborah gives clear expression to the lack of solidarity among the tribes, for some of them did not come to the aid of the Galilean tribes.

It is impossible to designate even one war against external enemies during the period of the Judges in which all the tribes acted in concert. Indeed, there are indications of intertribal quarrels and disputes. In this connection, there are scholars who hold that the judge-deliverers were not pan-tribal national leaders, but headed only individual tribes, or groups of them.

It was only toward the end of the period of the Judges when the Philistine pressure on the Israelite tribes increased in the west and that of the Transjordanian peoples in the east, that the religio-national tribal confederation assumed political and military dimensions. The Israelite tribes then consolidated as a crystallized national-territorial entity within the framework of a monarchical regime. David, Solomon, and afterward the kings of Israel and Judah tended to weaken tribal consciousness in favor of the territorial and monarchical organization.

Sources : Encyclopaedia Judaica. All Rights Reserved. Luther, in: ZAW, 21 , 37ff. Meyer, Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstaemme , ff. Smend, Yahweh War and Confederation Tribes, the twelve. Download our mobile app for on-the-go access to the Jewish Virtual Library.

Category » Ancient Jewish History. Academies in Babylonia and Erez Israel. Administration of Judaea. After Exile. Age of Patriarchs. The tribe of Levi are the priestly tribe of Israel.

From the Tribe of Moses Family Pic. Amram a Levite, the father of Moses. Though Issachar was the ninth son of Jacob, they were the second tribe to present an offering. Allied meanings are a staff or rod, because a tribe was led by a chief with an honorary staff or rod of office. Introduction to the blessing of the tribes. The story The story of Moses. Above Moses married his first wife the Ethiopian Adoniah Tharbis , when he was around twenty-seven Jasher years old.

These orders are given in Numbers On September 9, , Villarreal pleaded guilty to one count of embezzlement and theft from Indian organizations.

After the death of Moses, Joshua led the Israelites into the Promised Land and, dividing the territory among the 12 tribes, assigned south-central Palestine to the tribe of Benjamin. Joshua, son of Nun, was from the tribe of Ephraim. One Month Options Course Learn how to trade options with minimal risk and with little buying power. Each one comes out at a specific date throughout the month of July.

Horns are symbolic of strength. The tribe of Judah settled in the region south of Jerusalem and in time became the most powerful and most important tribe. Martha's Wedding, Moses sent out 12 spies, one from each tribe.

Why do root canals take 2 visits? Root canal treatment removes all infection fromthe root system of the tooth. Most root treatmentsinvolve at least two visits to your dentist. This usuallyalleviates any pain from the tooth. On the second visit the root canal is cleaned, disinfected, shaped, measured andfilled to prevent any further infection.

Thea Widenmeyer Professional. Are you born with teeth in your head? The permanent teeth start to develop in the jawsat birth and continue after a child is born. By about 21years, the average person has 32 permanent teeth , including16 in the upper jaw and 16 in the lower jaw. These four molars twoin each jaw emerge behind the child's existing primary teeth. Ghailan Heintzelmann Explainer.

Are molar teeth permanent? The first permanent molars usually erupt betweenages 6 and 7 years. These include four central incisors, fourlateral incisors, eight premolars, four canines and eight molars. Ilan Abgarjan Explainer. Why root canal is dangerous? The root canal and cancer myth. Fatma Rabinowitz Explainer.

How many roots does a first molar have? Norman Maranges Pundit. What happens if you don't get a root canal? Unfortunately, the infected pulp of the tooth will notheal on its own and requires a root canal to properly betreated. While the patient may no longer feel pain, the infectionwill still be present inside the tooth.

Left untreated, thebacterial infection can spread to your jaw, your brain, your blood,and your body. Columbano Mitterbacher Pundit. Do Milk teeth have roots? Milk teeth. Laye Deschamps Pundit.

Which primary tooth is the largest? The largest primary tooth is the mandibularsecond molar. The mandibular lateral incisor is thesmallest primary tooth. Enamel is the only tissue that has no living cells. The gingiva is the pink soft tissue that we call our gums.

It protects the jaw alveolar bone and roots of the teeth, and covers the neck of each tooth. Dentine forms the major component of each tooth, and extends almost the entire length of the tooth. It is a living tissue, softer than enamel with a structure similar to bone. In contrast to the brittle nature of enamel, dentine is elastic and compressible.

It is sensitive, and is protected by enamel on the crown portion and cementum on the roots. It is nourished by the pulp. The pulp chamber is the innermost portion of the tooth, lying beneath the dentine and extending from the crown to the tip of the root. The pulp chamber holds the pulp, which is made up of soft tissue. It contains blood vessels to supply blood and nutrients to the tooth to keep it alive, and nerves to enable the tooth to sense temperature.

It also contains small lymph vessels carrying white blood cells to the tooth to help fight bacteria. The cementum is a layer of hard tissue that covers the root of the tooth. It is roughly as hard as bone but considerably softer than enamel. The connective tissues attach to the periodontal ligament, and through this bind the roots of the tooth to the gums and jaw alveolar bone. The root canal also called the pulp canal is the open space inside the root where the pulp extends from the pulp chamber.

Blood vessels and nerves from surrounding outside tissue enter the pulp through the root canal. The periodontal ligament is comprised of bundles of connective tissue fibres.

One end of each bundle is attached to the cementum covering the root of the tooth. The fibres on the other end anchor the tooth root to the jaw alveolar bone and act as shock absorbers, allowing the tooth to withstand the forces of biting and chewing. Accessory canals are smaller channels that branch off from the main root canal through the dentine to the periodontal ligament. They are usually found near the root end of the tooth apex. They supply blood vessels and nerves to the pulp. The apical foramen is the tiny opening at the tip of each root.

This is what blood vessels and nerves from surrounding outside tissue pass through to enter the tooth. The alveolar bone is the jaw bone that surrounds and supports the root of the tooth. It contains the tooth sockets within which the tooth roots are embedded. They are the first set of teeth we receive and will eventually fall out and be replaced with a second set. Primary teeth start to form when the baby is in the womb, but start to come through the gums erupt when the child is between 6 — 12 months old.

Children should have their complete set by 3 years old. Teeth tend to erupt in parallel, so for example the top molar on the left side should grow in at about the same time as the top molar on the right. In adult dentition the second set of teeth the 8 primary molars are replaced by the premolar or bicuspid teeth. The 12 adult molars erupt grow up from the gums behind the primary teeth and do not replace any; giving a total of 32 teeth.

The adult dentition is therefore made up of four incisors, two canines, four premolars and six molars in each jaw. Primary teeth are smaller, have more pointed cusps and are a whiter colour than permanent teeth. They also have thinner enamel and dentine so are more prone to wear, and have relatively large pulp chambers and small delicate roots.

The crown is the top part that is exposed and visible above the gum gingiva. The root of a tooth descends below the gum line anchoring the tooth in the mouth. According to Ferraz , this trait is common in mandibular first molars and in females which is in accordance with this case report.

The present case was of type II Radix entomolaris which contributed to the chronic localized periodontitis with mandibular first molars. The unfavorable distal furcation involvement became noticeable due to poor oral hygiene, food impaction, and short root trunk of mandibular first molar. The three wall defects were thoroughly debrided and root planning was done.

Regenerative therapy was carried out in both the defects measuring 10 mm on right side and 8 mm on left side. After six months on radiographical evaluation, some bone gain was observed with right mandibular first molar, while no further bone loss was evident with left mandibular first molar.

A deep understanding of the relationship between root morphology and periodontal destruction is crucial for periodontal care. The anatomy of human teeth presents racial variations which can lead to therapy failure when not recognized. Source of Support: Nil. Conflict of Interest: None declared. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Shivani Sachdeva and Mangesh B.

Mangesh B. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Address for correspondence: Dr. Shivani Sachdeva, Room No. E-mail: moc. Received Jun 29; Accepted Jan 9. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3. Abstract A deep understanding of the relationship between root morphology and periodontal destruction is crucial to successful periodontal care.

Keywords: Mandibular first molar, radix entomolaris, two distal roots. Table 1 The prevalence of mandibular first molar in Europeans and Non-Europeans populations. Open in a separate window. Table 2 The incidence of 3 roots found in Mongolian, Caucasian, and Negro populations among different molars. Table 3 The incidence of mandibular molars with three roots according to race and sex.

Figure 1. IOPA of mandibular right posterior region depicts three rooted mandibular first molar. Figure 2. IOPA of mandibular left posterior region depicts three rooted mandibular first molar.

Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5.

Tilt the bucket toward you slightly, rolling it on its edge as you scrape off any dry grout from the sides. Stay below rpm to avoid weakening the grout with excess air bubbles. Squeeze in more water with the sponge. Add water one squeeze at a time from a sponge, mixing it thoroughly into the grout. Aim for a smooth "peanut butter" consistency, with no lumps. If the grout gets watery, pour in a little bit more powder.

Leave the grout alone for 5—10 minutes. Allow the grout to "slake," or strengthen through chemical reactions.

Remix and apply. Briefly mix together the grout again, as it will become slightly stiff during slaking. Use immediately, as most grout sets within 30—60 minutes.

If the grout has already hardened, you'll need to discard it and make a new batch. Adding more water after slaking will not be effective. Did you know you can get expert answers for this article? Unlock expert answers by supporting wikiHow. Ryaan Tuttle Home Improvement Specialist. Ryaan Tuttle. Support wikiHow by unlocking this expert answer.

Not Helpful 0 Helpful 0. How long does the grout need to dry before you use the sponge to clean off the excess? Mark Spelman Construction Professional. Mark Spelman. Not Helpful 1 Helpful Not Helpful 1 Helpful 1. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. By using this service, some information may be shared with YouTube. Always save some powdered grout in case you need to add more to the mixture later, or in the event that you need to make another batch.

Helpful 10 Not Helpful 6. When filling narrow or smaller crevices or spaces with grout, you can use less powdered grout for a softer mixture.

For larger areas, make the grout firmer by using more of the powdered grout during preparation. Helpful 11 Not Helpful Do not try to use grout that begins to harden in the bucket or container.

It will not set properly. Discard it and mix a new batch. Helpful 19 Not Helpful 7. Do not mix more grout than you can use within 30 minutes. Mixing grout is not a difficult task. If you can make pancake batter then mixing grout will be a breeze. Grout is like cement but should not be confused with concrete or mortar. Grouts are mainly composed of portland cements and fine sand.

In the industry, portland cement is a common term used to describe various cements. Grouts come in various colors that accent flooring or backsplash choices.

Water plays a vital role in the bonding and hardening process. To activate, water is added according to the manufacturer's instructions. Put down a piece of construction paper, or drop cloth prior to pouring powder and or mixing to keep the work area clean.

Temperature is a big deal and includes not only weather but also how hot or cold your truck gets if that's where you store materials and water temperature.

For example, if you use water from a hose that has been sitting out in the sun, that water may be too hot. If this occurs, it's best to throw the mortar away and mix up a new batch. We recommend that you mix approximately 5 quarts of cool, potable water to 1 50 lb. Next, mix with a variable speed mixer-drill at low speed.

Although you can hand-mix some thinsets read the directions , your results will be more consistent with a drill. Slaking allow all the ingredients polymers in the mortar to be properly mixed prior to being applied to the wall or floor area s. If the mortar is over or under watered it will not spread properly. This is a good way to determine the proper mix of the mortar.

Note that the tile must be firmly attached to a sound substrate and cured a minimum of 24 to 48 hours prior to grouting. Put down a piece of construction paper, or drop cloth prior to pouring grout mix and or mixing to keep the work area clean. Keep bags or boxes of grout and any additional latex additives out of the heat or direct sunlight for optimum results.

You can also work with Grout Admix instead of water. It seals and protects the grout in one-step. Grout joints need to be free of loose debris, spacers and should be uniform in depth prior to grout installation. For Admix, the ratio is 1 bag of sanded grout 25lb. If you need a smaller quantity, read the bottle. It has the recommended pounds of grout to ounces of Admix.

Note that too much water will prevent the grout from properly hardening. Can you put new grout over existing grout? How can I thicken my grout? How long leave grout before wiping? How do you make grout from scratch? Homemade grout. Is ready mixed grout any good? How long does mixed grout last? Why is my grout drying so fast?

What happens if grout is too dry? Can I grout in sections? Can you save mixed grout? What is grout mix? Is simple Grout sanded or unsanded?

Product Overview. Can you mix grout by hand? Mix the grout until it's powder-free. Does grout shrink when drying? What is a grout knife? What is a grout float? How do you grout mosaic? How to grout a mosaic.

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Performance Performance. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Analytics Analytics. On Saturday, Mellie shared a photo of herself waiting in the delivery room of a hospital in Martinsburg, Virginia.

Hours later, Mellie shifted to Facebook for another update. Serenity joins three older siblings. During the course of her pregnancy, Mellie revealed that it was a surprise because she had a birth control implant at the time of conception. As far as M. No one can compare to u I love u more than you know. Thank You For Every thing and thank you for just being here by my side through everything. Love u M. We wish them and their family all the best! Asa Hawks is a writer and editor for Starcasm.

You can contact Asa via Twitter , Facebook , or email at starcasmtips at yahoo. Here are more photos of Serenity-Faye: As fans of Gypsy Sisters are well aware, Mellie is a bit of a drama magnet, and her birth was no exception.

Related Posts. About The Author Asa Hawks. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Do not sell my personal information. Cookie Settings Accept. Manage consent. Among them is her daughter Sissy Williams' son Henry, who came close to tragedy in TMZ reported the thenyear-old was getting a bath from his 7-year-old stepsister, who forgot to mix any cold water in with the hot.

Henry hit the water and immediately went into shock, receiving second degree burns and ultimately ending up on a ventilator. He survived, however, after undergoing surgery for his burns. Though InTouch described middle child JoAnn Wells as "the good-natured" one, a fine disposition apparently doesn't mean you're above scamming coupons from Target.

She ultimately pled guilty to obtaining property by false pretenses, and got 24 months probation in addition to having to repay Target, according to Coupons in the News. That was one " Gypsy Sisters" secret you probably weren't supposed to know about. Having moved past her criminal and reality TV past, Wells now seems content to stay out of the direct limelight. She separated from husband Belcher Wells and then got back together with him, though it's unclear if they're still together today.

Judging by her Facebook page — dubbed "Joann Thegypsyprincess" — she enjoyed posting pictures of herself and occasionally her children, though she hasn't posted in several years now. Annie Malone has had perhaps the most dubious arrest since the end of "Gypsy Sisters. Malone, along with her cousin Jeanette Small and Small's boyfriend Dick Cooper, allegedly performed yard work for an elderly resident of Halifax County, North Carolina. The resident paid them by check, but allowed the trio to fill out the amounts.

It was an especially bad look as Annie had recently posted pictures of a Louis Vuitton bag and Armani sunglasses she'd purchased on a trip to New York via Starcasm. At the very least, Annie seems to have moved on, and now also promotes BoomBod on her Instagram page, posting one enthusiastic promotional shot in October Though Annie Malone's bail posting was almost certainly not a publicity stunt, it did cause some — like Starcasm' s Asa Hawks — to raise the question of why TLC might be bailing out one of its canceled stars if they did indeed bail her out at all.

Were they filming again? The rumors may have been fueled by a social media exchange earlier in the year, which began with Nettie Stanley posting a screen grab of a text conversation between herself and Firecracker Films producer Kirsty Smith.

Exposure to light may block the production of melatonin, which is why it is important to sleep in a dark room. A study examined zebrafish with a rare mutation that stopped them from producing melatonin. These fish slept very little, even when researchers ensured that they had adequate exposure to darkness. These findings suggest that the body depends on melatonin, not just changes in light, to help it get to sleep. Melatonin supplements may improve sleep by boosting melatonin levels in people whose bodies do not produce enough of this hormone.

These supplements may also improve sleep in people who produce enough melatonin but still struggle to sleep for other reasons. Melatonin changes how the body responds to darkness, helping it enter a rhythm of nighttime drowsiness. Likewise, people who sleep during the day because they work at night may not produce melatonin when it is time to sleep.

Melatonin supplements can help counteract this effect. Research consistently shows that melatonin can help people sleep longer and fall asleep more quickly. A meta-analysis that included 1, study participants found that melatonin decreased the amount of time that it took the participants to fall asleep compared with a placebo.

It also increased the duration of their sleep. Other research has suggested that melatonin can improve sleep in people with:. The ideal dosage for melatonin varies from person to person. Various factors, such as body weight , metabolism, and overall health, may also influence the way that the body responds to melatonin. A typical dose of melatonin is between 1 mg and 5 mg. It is best to take this about an hour before bed.

People can try starting with a low dose and looking for any adverse side effects. They can then gradually increase the dose until their sleep improves, if necessary. It is important not to take more than 5 mg unless a doctor recommends a higher dose.

One of the most common side effects of melatonin is drowsiness. Some people may notice that they feel sleepy or groggy the morning after taking melatonin.

Taking melatonin earlier in the evening or reducing the dose may help a person wake up feeling refreshed. In some people with dementia , melatonin may trigger a bad mood. Although melatonin is a natural chemical, it is important to treat it the same as any other medication. It is possible for melatonin to interact harmfully with other drugs by reducing their effectiveness, triggering negative side effects, or changing the way that the body metabolizes the drug.

People who take other medications should talk to a doctor before trying melatonin. As with any medication, an allergic reaction is possible. Per the NIH, children, older adults, pregnant and breastfeeding women, and people with epilepsy or other seizure disorders should take either low doses of melatonin under medical advice or none at all.

Melatonin may also interfere with some medications , including immunosuppressants, oral contraceptives, and anticoagulants, to name a few. The dosage you take may also depend on your reason for taking melatonin. Its use in the treatment of some types of migraines and anxiety is still being studied, but many people find taking melatonin at different doses helps them with these other health issues.

Kohli, though she emphasizes that there is currently no consensus on using it for these issues and studies about the effectiveness are ongoing. Though the supplement is generally not associated with dependency, habituation, or hangover symptoms, Dr. Bollu points out that melatonin is a natural hormone that fluctuates in our bodies on a daily basis anyway, meaning it may be safer than taking a prescription drug. A pharmacist or nutritionist may be able to help you find a product produced by a reputable manufacturer.

It appears to carry a low overdose risk; the National Poison Control website reports several cases where children and adults consumed extremely high doses of melatonin and had little or no side effects other than acute drowsiness. Like any other dietary supplement, melatonin may cause side effects in some people—possible side effects include:.

However, some research suggests melatonin may not dampen this drive in the same way that Ambien, for example, does. When your body recognizes more melatonin in the body, it begins to slow down its own production of melatonin over time. Therefore, short-term use of a melatonin supplement is preferred. Especially in higher doses, melatonin can interact with the following medications, according to the Mayo Clinic :. If you experience shortness of breath, chest pain, high blood pressure, or an accelerated heart rate, seek emergency care.

One final note: Even staying within the recommended range of melatonin could lead to long-term side effects or changes to your circadian rhythm. In other words, it might be healthier to look at melatonin as a short-term solution to your sleep troubles, used only occasionally , rather than as a permanent Band-Aid.

Kohli says. Because alcohol can disrupt your sleep quality and your natural melatonin levels , you should avoid mixing melatonin with alcohol. It is not recommended that you take melatonin with caffeine. Caffeine is a stimulant that disrupts your sleep-wake cycle and can affect your natural melatonin production.

While melatonin is generally considered safe, it is possible to take too much. There is no official recommended melatonin dosage, and people can have different sensitivities to melatonin, so finding an appropriate dose can be challenging. Moreover, because melatonin is not regulated in the U. Studies have found that some melatonin products can have nearly five times as much melatonin as their label claims, or much less.

You may feel especially drowsy or groggy. Doses of 10 milligrams or higher can cause side effects like drowsiness and headache. Other symptoms of melatonin overdose include:. To ensure safe usage , it is always a good idea to consult your doctor before taking any over-the-counter sleep aid , including melatonin. They know your personal medical history and can best advise you on the appropriate melatonin dosage for your needs.

They will also know whether melatonin might interact with any other medications you may currently be taking. Certain health conditions and medications may increase your risk of side effects when taking melatonin. If you take any of the following medications, be sure to talk to your doctor before taking melatonin:. Additionally, the following types of people may have an increased sensitivity to melatonin, and should avoid taking it before consulting their doctor:. For many people, melatonin offers mild improvements to sleep problems when used on a short-term basis.

For others, it may cause side effects or not impact sleep at all. If you find your sleep problems persist after trying melatonin, it may be time to talk to a doctor. They can recommend other strategies for improving your sleep, such as better sleep hygiene, changes to diet and exercise, or cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia. They can also evaluate other possible causes for your sleep problems. His research and clinical practice focuses on the entire myriad of sleep disorders.

Looking for a natural alternative to sleep medications? Learn about the potential benefits and drawbacks of using ashwagandha for sleep. Studies suggest warm milk before bed may help you sleep better. Learn more about this and other habits to incorporate…. Could drinking water before bed help you sleep better? It may actually be more disruptive to sleep.

We highlight what…. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website.

These cookies do not store any personal information. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. The Sleep Foundation editorial team is dedicated to providing content that meets the highest standards for accuracy and objectivity.

Our editors and medical experts rigorously evaluate every article and guide to ensure the information is factual, up-to-date, and free of bias. Updated June 1, Written by Elise Chahine. Medically Reviewed by Dr. Abhinav Singh. When Should I Take Melatonin? Can You Overdose on Melatonin? Melatonin Dosage for Adults There is no official recommended melatonin dosage for adults, but a range of 0. Melatonin for Pregnant or Breastfeeding Women Pregnant and breastfeeding women should avoid using melatonin without first consulting their doctor.

Melatonin Dosage for Children Short-term use of melatonin in small doses appears to be safe and well-tolerated by most children.

Sign up below for your free gift. Your privacy is important to us. Was this article helpful? Yes No. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Savage, R. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.

And when it comes to breaking this barrier, scientists use what is known as a Mach Number to represent the flow boundary past the local speed of sound.

In other words, pushing past the sound barrier is defined as Mach 1. So how fast do you have to be going to do that? However this term is more loaded than you might think. The truth is that a Mach Number is a ratio rather than an actual direct measurement of speed. And this ratio is due to the fact that the speed of sound varies from one location to the next, owing to differences in temperature and air density. This is the loud, cracking sound that is associated with the shock waves that are created by an object traveling faster than the local speed of sound.

Examples range an aircraft breaking the sound barrier to miniature booms caused by bullets flying by, or the crack of a bullwhip. Basically, the speed of sound is the distance traveled in a certain amount of time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium.

As already noted, this is not a universal value, but comes down to the composition of the medium and the conditions of that medium. But even that is subject to variation.

However, scientists tend to rely on the speed of sound as measured in dry air i. As with most ratios, there are approximations and categories that are used to measure the speed of the object in relation to the sound barrier.

This gives us the categories of subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic. This categorization system is often used to classify aircraft or spacecraft, the minimum requirement being that most of the craft classified have the ability to approach or exceed the speed of sound. For aircraft or any object that flies at a speed below the sound barrier, the classification of subsonic applies.

This category includes most commuter jets and small commercial aircraft, though some exceptions have been noted i. Since these craft never meet or exceed the speed of sound, they will have a Mach number that is less than one and therefore expressed in decimal form — i. Typically, these aircraft are propeller-driven and tend to have high aspect-ratio slender wings and rounded features. If the aircraft passes at a low speed, typically less than mph, the density of the air remains constant.

But for higher speeds, some of the energy of the aircraft goes into compressing the air and locally changing the density of the air. This compressibility effect alters the amount of resulting force on the aircraft.

The effect becomes more important as speed increases. But a sharp disturbance generates a shock wave that affects both the lift and drag of an aircraft. The ratio of the speed of the aircraft to the speed of sound in the gas determines the magnitude of many of the compressibility effects. Because of the importance of this speed ratio, aerodynamicists have designated it with a special parameter called the Mach number in honor of Ernst Mach , a late 19th century physicist who studied gas dynamics.

The Mach number M allows us to define flight regimes in which compressibility effects vary. There is no upstream influence in a supersonic flow ; disturbances are only transmitted downstream.

The Mach number appears as a similarity parameter in many of the equations for compressible flows , shock waves , and expansions. When wind tunnel testing, you must closely match the Mach number between the experiment and flight conditions. The compressibility of the air alters the important physics between these two cases. The Mach number depends on the speed of sound in the gas and the speed of sound depends on the type of gas and the temperature of the gas. The speed of sound varies from planet to planet.

On Earth, the atmosphere is composed of mostly diatomic nitrogen and oxygen, and the temperature depends on the altitude in a rather complex way. Scientists and engineers have created a mathematical model of the atmosphere to help them account for the changing effects of temperature with altitude.

Bernadette Soubirous. The statue will be the culmination of a planned outdoor Stations of the Cross whose bas relief s will also be designed by Bernie Caber.

It will begin near the parking area at the vehicular entrance of Mirador Hill and will follow a penitential path through the rock formations of Mirador Hill. Open daily, 6 AM — PM. Your email address will not be published. Primary menu Skip to primary content.

Skip to secondary content. The author at Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto. The step stairway leading up to the grotto. Jandy at Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto. Fancy a good night's sleep after a tiring day?

Check out where to stay in Baguio and book an accommodation of your choice. Our Lady Of Lourdes Grotto 4. Are you associated with this business? Get in Touch. Traveling to Baguio? Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto , Baguio. Reach the pilgrimage spot Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto by climbing steps to the top of the hill where the grotto sits. This Catholic shrine commemorates the visions of Virgin Mary by a French girl from the 19th century in the city of Lourdes, France.

A colored statue of the Lady rises in the grotto. Light a candle on site and pray at the shrine. The spot offers panoramic views of the region; and if you have mobility issues, you can reach it by car. With our custom trip planner , Baguio attractions like Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto can be center stage of your vacation plans, and you can find out about other attractions like it, unlike it, near it, and miles away.

Duration: 8 hours. Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto reviews Rate this attraction. TripAdvisor traveler rating. See more on TripAdvisor ». It was our first time to visit the place. It has an aura of sacredness despite the area being crowded with devotees and tourists. The chapel provides a sanctuary where people can slip for a moment and say their prayers. I just hope that the visitors refrain from taking pictures right outside the entrance of the chapel because there is a tendency to forget that silence should be observed, or better yet to take pictures without disturbing the peace and quiet of the chapel.

Had a great experience despite of the battle in stairs haha. Up and we go